Art+History

__Context __  To teach Visual Art in the 21st Century one must be familiar with Modernism, Postmodernism, and Contemporary Art. According to art historians, Modern Art began with Courbet in the 1840's and ended shortly after World War II when Pop Art emerged (roughly 1840-1957). All movements from 1957 to around 1985 are considered to be Postmodern, works created after 1985 are considered to be Contemporary Art. This information is always open for discussion, but most recognize it to be a foundation for classifying and distinguishing art.

 (Visual) Art History is extremely significant for Visual Art Education, the history of art is a resource that educators tap in order to build context for art instruction. Visual Art Educators who have no concept of Modernism and Postmodernism will have a difficult time explaining Contemporary Art. It is extremely practical for students of art to understand where art has been and where art is going (the past informs the present). This case has been made for history, but is glossed over for Art History, Theory, and Criticism. The following is a link to an art movement directory in the UK and also a list of movements beginning with 1880. Modern and Postmodern visual art movements specifically serve educators as a guide for discussing accurate art information and past investigations.

http://www.artmovements.co.uk/home.htm

1880
 Impressionism 1870-1898  Cloisonnism - late 1880s  Etruscan School - 1883-84  (The) Glasgow Boys - 1880-1900  (The) Heidelberg School - mid-1880s - mid-1890s  Japonism - 1880-1895  Nabis - ca. 1888-1900  Neo-Impressionism - 1886-1906  Newlyn School - early 1880s-ca. 1900  Post-Impressionism - 1886-1905  Symbolism - 1880-early 1900s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Synthetism - late 1880s-early 1890s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Tonalism - 1880-1920

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1890
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Art à la Rue - 1890s-early 1900s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Bande Noire (or "the Nubians") - 1890s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Expressionism - 1890-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Fauvism - ca. 1898-ca. 1908 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Glasgow Style - ca. 1890-ca. 1920 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Nagybánya Colony - 1896-1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Pintura de la luz - 1890s-early 20th Century <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Secession - 1890s-early 1900s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Ten American Painters (or "The Ten") - 1898-1918

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1900
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Abbaye de Créteil - 1906-1908 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Art Nouveau - 1905-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Ashcan School - early 1900s-early 1920s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Beautiful Indies - early 20th Century-ca. early 1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Bloomsbury Group - 1904-late 1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Blue Rose (or "Golubaya Roza") - 1904-1908 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cubism - 1908-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cubo-Expressionism - 1909-1921 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Die Brücke - 1905-1913 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Eight - 1907-early 1920s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Friday Club - 1905-1922 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Futurism - 1909-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Hagenbund - 1900-1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Luminism - 1904-early 1910s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Scuola Labronica - ca. 1908-ca. 1950 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> September Group - 1909-ca. 1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Young Estonia (or "Noor Eesti") - ca. 1902-1917

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1910
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arbeitsrat für Kunst - 1918-1921 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Bauhaus - 1919-1933 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Biomorphism - 1915-1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Blaue Reiter (or "Blue Rider") - 1911-1914 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Brabant Fauvism - ca. 1910-1923 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Camden Town Group - 1911-1914 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (Russian) Constructivism - 1914-early 1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cubo-Futurism - 1912-1915 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cumberland Market Group - 1914-1919 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Dada - Dadaism - 1916-1923 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Donkey's Tail (or "Oslinyy Khvost") - 1911-1915 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> École de Paris (or "School of Paris") - 1915-1935 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Escuelas de Pintura al Aire Libre - ca. 1913-1932 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Formism - 1917-1922 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Jack of Diamonds (or "Bubnovy Valet") - 1910-1917 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Kecskemét Colony - 1911-ca. 1920 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> London Group - 1913-1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-primitivism - 1910-1914 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> November Group - 1917-1924 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Orphism - ca. 1912-13 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Pittura Metafisica - 1911-ca. 1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Purism - 1918-1926 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Puteaux Group - 1910sRayism - 1912-15 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Revolt Group - 1918-1920 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Scottish Colorists - 1910-ca. 1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Sōdosha (or "Grass and Earth Society") - ca. 1915-1922 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Suprematism - 1915- mid-1920s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Synchronism - 1913-ca. 1916 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Union of Youth (or "Soyuz Molodyozhi") - 1910-1914 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Vorticism - 1914-1920

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1920
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> AR group - 1929-1936 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> American Scene Painting - ca. 1920-early 1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Art Deco - 1920s-1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Artes / Neoartes - 1929-1935 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Blue Four (or "Blauen Vier") - 1924-1936 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Circle of Artists (or "Krug Khudozhnikov") - 1926-1932 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Constructivism - 1920s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (International) Constructivism - 1922-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> de Stijl - 1920s-1932 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Degenerates / Entartete Kunst - 1920s- mid-1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Devetsil - 1920-1931 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Earth Group (or "Serbo-Croat Zemlja") - 1929-1935 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Eesti Kunstnikkude Rūhm - 1923-ca. 1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Fellowship of St. Luke - 1925-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Group of Seven - 1920-1933Group X - 1920 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Halmstad Group (or "Halmstadgruppen") - 1929-early 1980s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Harlem Renaissance - 1920-1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Inkhuk - 1920-26 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Kapists - 1924-ca. late 1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Magic Realism - 1920s-1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Makovets - 1921-1926 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neue Sachlichkeit - 1920s-ca. 1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Néo-Réalisme - 1920s-1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Precisionism - 1920s-1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Rhythm Group - 1922-1932 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Riga Artists' Group - 1920-1940 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Scuola Romana - 1927-1940 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Surrealism - 1922-1939 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Szentendre Colony - 1928-ca. 1940 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Verism - 1920s-ca. 1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Vkhutemas - 1920-1930 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Workshop 17 - 1927-1965

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1930 - WWII
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Abstraction-Création - 1931-1936 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Alaskan Movement - 1930s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Allianz - 1937-1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arantist School - 1930s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Art and Freedom - 1939- mid-1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Concrete Art - 1930-ca. 1960 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Euston Road School - 1937- mid-1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Färg och Form - 1932-ca. 1940 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Forces Nouvelles - 1935-39 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Group of Five - 1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Hlebine School - ca. 1932-ca. early 1960s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-Romanticism - 1930s-1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Persatuan Ahli Gambar - 1937-1942 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Regionalism - 1930s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Socialist Realism - ca. 1930-1950Unit One - 1933-35

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1945 - Post-War
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Abstract Expressionism - mid-1940s -Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Art brut - mid-1940s -Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Art informel (or Informalism, or Lyrical Abstraction) - mid-1940s -1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arte Concreto Invención - 1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arte Madí - 1940s(Les) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Automatistes - 1946-1951 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> CoBrA - 1948-1951 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Fronte Nuovo delle Arti - 1946-1952 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Groupe Espace - 1949-1951 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Homme-Témoin - 1948- mid-1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Jeune Peinture Belge - 1945-48 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Movimiento Madí - 1940s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> New Horizons (or "Ofakim Hadashim") - 1948-1960s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) New York School - 1940s-1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Perceptismo - 1940sPrisme d'Yeux - 1948-1950 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Spazialismo (or "Spatialism") - ca. 1947- mid-1960s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Tachism - late 1940s- mid-1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Young Indonesian Artists - 1946

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1950
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Action Painting - 1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Antipodean Group - 1959-1960 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arte generativo - 1959-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arte nucleare - 1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Color Field Painting - 1950s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Concretists - early 1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Gruppe 53 - 1953-1959 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Gruppo degli Otto Pittori Italiani - 1952-ca. 1960 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Gutai - 1954-1972 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Hard-Edge Painting - late 1950s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Kitchen Sink School - 1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Matter Painting - 1950s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-Dada - 1950s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Painters Eleven - 1953-58 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (Les) Plasticiens - 1955-59 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Pop Art - mid-1950s –Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Quadriga - 1952-54 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Situationism - 1957-early 1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Washington Color Painters - mid-1950s -Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Zero - 1958-1965

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1960
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Arte Povera - late 1960s-1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Black Expressionism - 1960s-1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Conceptual Art - 1960s–Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Contemporary Artists Group - 1966 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Continuità - 1961-ca. 1970 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Fluxus - early 1960s-late 1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Grupo Hondo - 1961-1964 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Junk Art - 1960s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Land Art - late 1960s-early 1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Mechanical Art - 1962-65 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Minimalism - 1960s–Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Monoha - 1960s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neofiguración - second half 1960s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Nouveau Réalisme - 1960-63 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Op Art - 1964-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Performance Art - 1960s–Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Photorealism - mid-1960s -Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Post-Minimalism - late 1960s-1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Post-painterly Abstraction - 1964-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Praxis - 1963-1972 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Process Art - mid-1960s -1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Psychedelic Art - early 1960s-early 1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Saqqakhaneh - 1960s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Solentiname Primitivist Painting - 1968-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Support-Surface - 1967-1974 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (The) Sydney 9 - 1961 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Syn - 1965-1970 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Woodland School - 1962-Present

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1970
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Post-Modernism - 1970s-mid 1980s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Ugly Realism - 1970s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Feminist Art - 1970s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Yunnan School - late 1970s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-Conceptualism - late 1970s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-Expressionism - late 1970s-1980s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Bad Painting - late 1970s-early 1980s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Demoscene - late 1970s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> New Image Painting - late 1970s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Nuovi Nuovi - late 1970s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Mühlheimer Liberty - 1979-1984 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Transavantgarde - 1979-Present

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1980
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Free Figuration (Figuration Libre) - early 1980s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neue Wilde - early 1980s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-Geo - mid-1980s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Multiculturalism - 1980s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Graffiti Movement - 1980s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> BritArt / Young British Artists ("yBa") - 1988-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Neo-Pop - late 1980s-Present

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1990
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Net Art - early 1990s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Massurrealism - early 1990s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Artefactoria - 1990/91-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Toyism - 1992-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Lowbrow - ca. 1994-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> New Leipzig School - mid-1990s-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Tiki Art - 1996-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Bitterism - 1998-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Stuckism - 1999-Present

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2000
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Thinkism - September 12, 2001-Present <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Funism - ca. 2002-Present